grain yield Articles
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Biomass heterosis as the basis for grain and stover yield heterosis in arid zone pearl millet hybrids
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] single cross hybrids, bred from high-yielding parental lines in favorable environments, are not well adapted to northwest India's arid zone. The objectives of these experiments were (i) to measure grain and stover yield heterosis in testcrosses of six landrace-based restorer populations and (ii) to understand how heterosis for biomass and harvest ...
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Selecting Zinc-efficient wheat genotypes with high grain yield using a stress tolerance index
There is no reliable indicator for identifying Zn-deficiency tolerant genotypes with high grain yield. The aim of this investigation was to compare the grain yield response of 30 spring and 20 winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to Zn fertilization under field condition and to select high grain yield Zn-deficiency tolerant genotypes using a stress tolerance indicator. The stress ...
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Inbred-Progeny selection is predicted to be inferior to half-sib selection for three maize populations
Historically, inbred progeny selection has been promoted as an effective means of improving both inbred and outbred performance, and in some cases as being superior to other methods. Advances in theory and new estimates of genotypic covariance components have allowed us to make better predictions of gain from inbred progeny selection than previously available. We developed predicted gain ...
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Effect of variation for major growth habit genes on maturity and yield in five spring wheat populations
Segregation at major genes controlling plant height, photoperiod response, and vernalization response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) may have pleiotropic effects on several traits. Allelic variation at these loci can be monitored using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. The effect of segregation at these loci on maturity and agronomic traits was measured for sets of recombinant ...
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Breeding maize for a bioeconomy: a literature survey examining harvest index and stover yield and their relationship to grain yield
The use of maize (Zea mays L.) stover as a feedstock for cellulosic biofuels production will create demand for maize hybrids with greater stover yield. It is expected that grain yield will remain the most critical trait and continue to drive hybrid sales, requiring that any increases in stover yield be made without sacrificing grain yield potential. The objective of this review was to determine ...
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Grain Yields Starting to Plateau
By Lester R. Brown From the beginning of agriculture until the mid-twentieth century, growth in the world grain harvest came almost entirely from expanding the cultivated area. Rises in land productivity were too slow to be visible within a single generation. It is only within the last 60 years or so that rising yields have replaced area expansion as the principal source of growth in world grain ...
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Improvement in grain and fodder yields of early-maturing promiscuous soybean varieties in the guinea savanna of Nigeria
Thirteen early-maturing and promiscuously nodulating soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties that belonged to maturity group I developed at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) from 1980 to 1996 were evaluated at two locations in the Guinea savanna of Nigeria in 2001 and 2002 to determine genetic gain in grain yield and associated agronomic traits. The varieties were ...
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Combining ability, genetic distances, and heterosis among elite CIMMYT and IITA tropical maize inbred lines
Maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs are increasingly using molecular tools to enhance the efficiency and speed of developing productive cultivars. As a preliminary step toward using each other's germplasm, 20 elite inbred lines, 10 each from CIMMYT and IITA, were crossed according to a modified North Carolina Design II and were genotyped using 62 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The design ...
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Epistatic models improve prediction of performance in corn
To be useful, adding epistasis to a prediction model must increase predictive power. The objectives of this study were to determine i) using partial least squares (PLS) techniques, whether the ability to predict performance can be increased by including epistasis in a prediction model; ii) whether relaxing the probability of preselecting a marker or interaction to include in the PLS analysis from ...
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Planting date and cultivar effects on grain yield in dryland corn production
Corn (Zea mays L.) production is gradually spreading into the Sudan savanna zone of West Africa where production is limited by erratic and inadequate rainfall. To increase corn production, production practices should be properly designed to minimize the effects of low precipitation and high temperatures that characterize the zone. A study, to determine the performance of late (120 d), early (90 ...
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Robust method for estimating grain yield in western Kenya during the growing seasons
Uncertainties caused by climate change and population explosion require suitable methods for estimating grain yield during the growing seasons. This paper evaluates the applicability of the AquaCrop model in the region of western Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: simulate the long-term maize crop yields for the region using AquaCrop model for variable climate scenarios, and estimate ...
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Analysis of Genotype X environment interactions for grain yield in durum wheat
Genotype x environment (GE) interactions are important sources of variation in crop breeding programs. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze GE interactions on grain yield of one bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 19 durum wheat [T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] genotypes by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and (ii) to evaluate ...
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Skip-row and plant population effects on sorghum grain yield
In environments with limited rainfall, skip-row configuration (planting one or a group of rows alternated with rows not planted) under rainfed conditions may increase yield of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] due to conservation of soil water between widely-spaced crop rows that is not accessed until late in the growing season. A field study was conducted over 10 site-years in Nebraska ...
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Corn grain yield response to crop rotation and nitrogen over 35 years
Crop rotation and N are management methods that can increase corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields. Our objective was to determine the corn grain yield response to six crop rotation sequences and four N rates in a long-term (35-yr) study. The rotations were continuous corn (CC), corn–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (CA), corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS), corn-corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa (CCCAA), ...
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Impact of genetic divergence on the ratio of variance due to specific vs. general combining ability in winter triticale
The objective of our study was to examine the influence of genetic divergence on the ratio of the components of variance for specific (2SCA) and general (2GCA) combining ability using experimental data in triticale (xTriticosecale Wittm.). In total, 21 lines and their 210 crosses were evaluated for grain yield in field trials. Published molecular data were reanalyzed, indicating an optimum of two ...
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Stability of rice grain and whole kernel milling yield is affected by cultivar and date of planting
The objectives of this study were to evaluate rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar stability and to characterize different planting dates for their consistency in grain yield and milling. Eight rice cultivars and seven planting dates were evaluated from 2003 to 2005 for a total of 19 yr x planting date environments. The coefficient of variation of cultivars and planting dates, a measure of relative ...
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Physiological mechanisms underlying heterosis for shade tolerance in maize
Heterosis in maize (Zea mays L.) confers stress tolerance. To better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying the differential response of a maize hybrid (CG60 x MBS1236) and its parental inbred lines to shading stress, studies were conducted in a field hydroponic system in Ontario, Canada, from 2004 to 2006. Shading stress consisted of a 55% reduction in incident solar radiation and ...
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Effects of the chromosome region including the Gpc-B1 locus on wheat grain and protein yield
The recent cloning of the Gpc-B1 gene from Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. and Graebn.) Thell. (DIC hereafter) chromosome 6BS revealed that modern wheat varieties have a nonfunctional allele. The DIC allele accelerates senescence and increases grain protein concentration (GPC) relative to the nonfunctional allele, but its effect on yield is not known. Here we describe the ...
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Tiller contribution to spring wheat yield under varying seeding and nitrogen management
Hard red spring wheat (HRSW) (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield is comprised of the combined production of the main stem and tiller spikes. Experiments were conducted under dryland (Casselton, ND) and irrigated (Carrington, ND) conditions from 2003 to 2005 to determine tiller development and the relative contribution of main and tiller wheat spikes to final grain yield under varying cultivar, ...
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Hormonal changes caused by the xenia effect during grain filling of normal corn and high-oil corn crosses
The xenia effect results from the cross-fertilization of nonrelated lines of crops, which causes a grain to produce a germ or embryo that is much larger than average. It is a significant genetic component in TopCross grain production systems, which can affect grain yield and quality. This study measured hormone variations during grain filling of normal corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids, and normal corn ...
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