soil water Articles
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Soil water thermal liquid diffusivity
The background of the thermal liquid diffusivity (TLD) concept was reviewed. Application of TLD to matric-head-based equations for water flow when a thermal gradient is present have been contradictory to the original development by Philip and de Vries (PdV). Beginning from Darcy's law for liquid water transport and Fick's law for water vapor transport was the foundational and well-known approach ...
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Differential wilting among soybean genotypes in response to water deficit
Genotypic differences for canopy wilting have been reported for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but no wilting data have been published, and mechanisms for differences remain unresolved. In field studies in 2002 and 2003, differences for wilting among 19 genotypes were consistent across years. Plant introductions (PI 416937 and PI 471938) were among the slowest wilting genotypes, and breeding ...
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Genotypic variation in peanut for transpiration response to vapor pressure deficit
Conservation of soil water resulting from decreases in stomata conductance under atmospheric high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions is a possible approach for enhanced tolerance of water deficit by crops. Water deficit is usually a concern in peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) since it is frequently grown on sandy soils with low water-holding capacity. Seventeen peanut genotypes were studied to ...
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Soil water surplus and ENSO events during the last humid period in Argentine Pampean flatlands
Daily soil water balances are estimated for the period 1951-2006 in the Pampean flatlands. Daily soil water surplus is the major output with their annual trends, being analysed because of their harmful effects on crop harvests and floods. Soil water surplus trends were analysed founding positive trends, although only two stations were statistically significant at probability level of 95%. ...
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Analytical solution for soil water redistribution during evaporation process
Simulating the dynamics of soil water content and modeling soil water evaporation are critical for many environmental and agricultural strategies. The present study aims to develop an analytical solution to simulate soil water redistribution during the evaporation process. This analytical solution was derived utilizing an exponential function to describe the relation of hydraulic conductivity ...
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Temperature Dependence of Soil Water Potential
To understand the process of coupled heat and water transport, the relationship between temperature and soil water potential must be known. Two clays, Avonlea bentonite and Lake Agassiz clay, are being considered as the clay-based sealing materials for the Canadian nuclear fuel waste disposal vault. Avonlea bentonite is distinguished from Lake Agassiz clay by its high sealing potential in water. ...
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Soil water reserve estimation and vegetation relationships in a Mediterranean sub-humid forested catchment
A simple water balance model was used to calculate soil water reserve in a Mediterranean forested catchment. The relationship between soil water reserve and leaf water potential and stem water content was analysed. The usefulness of these variables as plant water status indicators was tested. The analyses were developed with a seven-year-long database (2001–2007) in the case of soil water content ...
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Bimodal and multimodal descriptions of soil-water characteristic curves for structural soils
In the last decades several approaches have been developed to describe bimodal or multimodal soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs). Unfortunately, most of these models were derived empirically. In the presented study, physically based bimodal and multimodal SWCC functions have been developed for structural soils. The model involved two or more continual pore series; the probability density ...
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Evaluation of the AquaCrop model for simulating yield response of winter wheat to water on the southern Loess Plateau of China
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the FAO-AquaCrop model in winter wheat in the southern Loess Plateau of China. Multi-year field experimental data from 2004 and 2011 were used to calibrate and validate the model for simulating biomass, canopy cover (CC), soil water content, and grain yield under rainfed conditions. The model performance was evaluated using root ...
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Measurement of Steady-State Soil Water Flux across a Soil Horizon Interface
Soil horizon interfaces have been shown to be focal points for localized, three-dimensional redistribution of water and solutes in field soils. Therefore, understanding of the physics of water flow and transport in layered soils requires experimental observations of the magnitude and variability of local soil water flux under a variety of well-defined boundary conditions. We developed a time ...
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Effects of revegetation on soil moisture under different precipitation gradients in the Loess Plateau, China
Revegetation can alter catchment water balance and result in soil desiccation. Large-scale revegetation took place in the Loess Plateau of China to control soil erosion and improve environmental conditions. However, the dynamic nature of soil moisture in response to revegetation under different climatic conditions is still unclear mainly due to lack of long-term in situ observations. To ...
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Evaluation of three models that describe soil water retention curves from saturation to oven dryness
Measuring a soil water retention curve (SWRC) with the pressure plate device is generally limited to matric suctions 1500 kPa. A few models have been proposed to describe the SWRC from saturation to oven dryness using measurements in the pressure plate matric suction range. The development and validation of these models were mostly based on a limited set of published measurements, and in general, ...
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Extension of an existing model for soil water evaporation and redistribution under high water content conditions
Most crop, hydrology, and water quality models require the simulation of evaporation from the soil surface. A model developed by J.T. Ritchie in 1972 provides useful algorithms for estimating soil evaporation, but it does not calculate the soil water redistribution resulting from evaporation. A physically-based model using diffusion theory, described previously by Suleiman and Ritchie in 2003, ...
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The Relationship Between the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve and the Unsaturated Shear Strength of a Compacted Glacial Till
Soils compacted at various “initial” water contents and to various densities should be considered as “different” soils from a soil mechanics behavioral standpoint even though their mineralogy, plasticity, and texture are the same. The engineering behavioral change from one specimen to another will vary due to differences in soil structure or aggregation. The shear strength of an unsaturated soil ...
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Skip-row and plant population effects on sorghum grain yield
In environments with limited rainfall, skip-row configuration (planting one or a group of rows alternated with rows not planted) under rainfed conditions may increase yield of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] due to conservation of soil water between widely-spaced crop rows that is not accessed until late in the growing season. A field study was conducted over 10 site-years in Nebraska ...
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Effects of estimating soil hydraulic properties and root growth factor on soil water balance and crop production
Accurate simulation of plant growth depends not only on plant parameters, but also on soil parameters. Although there is uncertainty in measured soil parameters and root distributions, their effects on simulated plant growth have been much less studied. This study evaluates the simulated responses of six crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ...
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Cotton subsurface drip and overhead irrigation efficiency, maturity, yield, and quality
Subsurface drip (SSD) is used as a water-efficient alternative to overhead irrigation in many crops. This study compared soil water, water use, crop maturity, lint yield, and fiber quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown with SSD to cotton grown with overhead irrigation. Three experiments were conducted at two Georgia locations in 2004 and 2005. Treatments consisted of overhead irrigated, ...
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Performance Evaluation of Selected Soil Moisture Sensors
Abstract Irrigation water management practices could greatly benefit from using soil moisture sensors that accurately measure soil water content or potential. Therefore, an assessment on soil moisture sensor reading accuracy is important. In this study, a performance evaluation of selected sensor calibration was performed considering factory- laboratory- and field-based calibrations. The selected ...
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Type of soil moisture sensor
Soil moisture sensor is an important tool in modern agriculture and horticulture. These devices measure the amount of water present in the soil, an important parameter in managing irrigation and ensuring that plants get the right amount of water.In this article, we will discuss the different types of soil moisture sensors, how they work, and their applications in agriculture and horticulture.Type ...
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A simulation experiment on the effectiveness of tree and pasture filter strips to remove NO3–N in lateral soil water flow
The impact of vegetative filter strips to reduce the delivery of nonpoint source pollutants from agricultural land to inland water systems is now recognized as an important element in overall agro-ecosystem management. A glasshouse experiment was undertaken to measure the effectiveness of tree (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Casuarina cunninghamiana Mq.) and pasture filter strips to ...
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