selective breeding Articles
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When is early generation selection effective in self-pollinated crops?
Despite widespread use of early generation testing and selection (EGT) in breeding for self-pollinated crops, its effectiveness remains largely an unresolved issue. This issue is tackled here using elaborated genetic models that enable genetic and nongenetic effects to be assessed for the effectiveness of EGT in terms of (i) the selection response at one or more early generations relative to the ...
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Ancestral landraces of common bean from the South of Europe and their agronomical value for breeding programs
Selection among breeding lines has been widely used to identify important cultivars and favorable alleles for adaptation, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. The objective of this work was to study the variability among common bean breeding lines selected from ancestral landraces, to evaluate the reaction of these lines to anthracnose (ANT) rust, common bacterial blight (CBB), halo ...
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Mega-Environment identification for barley based on twenty-seven years of global grain yield data
Knowledge of target environments in breeding programs is important to better direct the development of germplasm. The objectives of this study were to identify associations among barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing environments to identify mega-environments to select the best locations to breed barley. Twenty-seven years of grain yield data from the International Barley Yield Trial (IBYT) ...
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Ancient roots of wheat virus resistance
The DNA sequence of a gene responsible for resistance to a devastating virus in wheat has been discovered, providing important clues for managing more resistant crops and maintaining a healthy food supply. Wheat crops in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Africa are regularly damaged by wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), and there is a high demand for wheat varieties or cultivars that are resistant ...
By Lifeasible
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Effects of long-term selection for kernel oil concentration in KYHO, a high-oil maize population
A high-oil maize (Zea mays L.) (HOM) population, KYHO, was developed across 10 generations by selective breeding. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the effects of selection for kernel oil on correlated traits and measure the genetic variance of kernel oil content (KOC). Kernel oil content, kernel protein content (KPC), and kernel starch content (KSC) were estimated by ...
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RAPD markers reveal genetic diversity in Salix purpurea L.
The bark of purple osier willow (Salix purpurea L.) constitutes a particularly valuable raw material which is used for the production of natural aspirin. The content of salicylic glycosides in the bark is differential and depends on genotype, therefore continued selection is necessary to find high-yielding crop varieties of S. purpurea with a high salicylic glycoside content of the bark. The ...
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A comparative analysis of conventional and marker-assisted selection methods in breeding maize streak virus resistance in maize
Reliable information regarding comparative advantage of marker-assisted selection (MAS) over conventional selection (CS) in breeding for maize streak virus (MSV) resistance in maize (Zea mays L.) is scarcely available. A comparative study was, therefore, conducted to determine the efficiency of both methods in breeding for MSV resistance in Uganda. Backcross and selfed-progenies were derived from ...
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Microsatellite-based analysis of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) genetic resources
Little is currently known about the genetic variation within diverse gene pools of cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Knowledge in this area could aid in future germplasm maintenance activities, provide additional information in the area of N. tabacum population genetics, and assist in selection of materials for breeding or genetic investigations. To this end, 702 N. tabacum accessions ...
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Mapping and comparison of quantitative trait loci for oleic acid seed content in two segregating soybean populations
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produces 29.4% of the world's edible vegetable oil. An important determinant of the nutritional value and the oxidative stability of soybean oil is the oleic acid content. Elevation of the oleate content levels leads to the improvement of soybean oil quality. However, our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying oleate variation in soybean seeds remains ...
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AFLP discrimination of native north American and cultivated hop
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is cultivated for the female flowers, or 'cones,' which traditionally have been used as a bittering and flavoring agent in beer. Hop breeding historically relied on relatively simple selection techniques within established breeding lines. Supplementing current breeding material with new genetic sources would enhance a hop breeder's ability to select for new traits. The ...
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Which Breed Of Chicken Should I Choose For Egg Laying
When people decide to raise chickens, a common question is which breed will be the best to choose for laying eggs. This decision is based upon innumerable factors and this post could not possibly cover them all, but we will go over several of them. By the way, the poultry egg incubator can hatchery chicken egg. First, of course, is overall egg production numbers. Different breeds of chicken ...
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Molecular mapping and confirmation of QTLs associated with Oleic acid content in N00-3350 soybean
The fatty acid composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed affects the flavor, nutritional value, and stability of the oil. Increasing oleic acid content in soybean oil would reduce the need for hydrogenation, a process that creates unhealthy trans fatty acids. The objective of this study was to map and confirm the areas of the soybean genome associated with oleic acid content from the ...
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Changes in Isoflavone concentration with 58 years of genetic improvement of short-season soybean cultivars in Canada
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain a high concentration of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, which are considered to be compounds beneficial to human health. Our objective was to determine the influence of breeding and selection for yield on the isoflavone concentration of short-season cultivars. A collection of 14 historical cultivars released from 1934 to 1992 was grown at ...
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Project - MacroSystems
In response to a call for proposals by the Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) MARINER program through the U.S. Department of Energy, an international research team under the project name of MacroSystems, primed by Ocean Rainforest, Inc., has been asked to demonstrate the economic and social opportunities of offshore cultivation of seaweeds, specifically a species named ...
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Heterosis decreasing in hybrids: Yield test inbreds
Yield testing finished inbreds to replace preliminary single-cross corn (Zea mays L.) yield tests will increase rate of commercial hybrid yield gains. Studies have shown that heterosis decreased 25%/50 yr, 10%/60 yr, and 35%/100 yr. Natural selection and artificial selection by plant breeders for adaptedness have increased parental inbred and hybrid seed yields, whereas percentage heterosis ...
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Transgenic fish are ready for us. Are we ready for them?
After decades of regulatory and legal challenges, AquaBounty aims to bring genetically engineered salmon to U.S. and Canadian markets next year. On a hill above the cold waters around Prince Edward Island, technicians painstakingly create fertilized Atlantic salmon eggs that include growth-enhancing DNA from two other fish species. The eggs will be shipped to ponds in the high rainforest of ...
By Ensia
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Can grains of the past help us weather storms of the future?
Combining science with traditional knowledge, researchers turn to ancient rice as a source of climate resilience In May 2009, Cyclone Aila wreaked havoc in eastern India. Clocking in at speeds of over 120 kilometers per hour, Aila hit the Sundarbans, the largest continuous block of mangrove forest in the world, located in the Ganga-Brahmaputra tidal delta on the Bay of Bengal. The storm killed ...
By Ensia
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Could Our Energy Come from Giant Seaweed Farms in the Ocean?
One day in the future, the Pacific Ocean could be home to kilometers of seaweed farms tended by submarine drones and waiting to be turned into fuel. This is the vision of Marine BioEnergy, a start-up backed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E). The U.S. government agency is funding the company, along with a handful of related projects, because it views the open ocean as ...
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How do I start a home based fishing farm business?
Why Start a Fish Farming Business? Fish is a delicious and nutritious source of protein, rich in nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, which improve our heart health and lower blood cholesterol. Farmed fish play an important role in meeting global protein needs. The rise of fish in the home today opens up many lucrative opportunities. Home-raised fish can easily be sold nearby or around ...
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Enhanced resistance to BCWD in Troutlodge strains
Joint research of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Troutlodge has shown that Genomic Selection can double the prediction accuracy for Bacterial Cold Water Disease (BCWD). Application of Genomic Selection for BCWD resistance to three generations of Troutlodge broodstock resulted in a challenge survival increasing from 33.5% in 2015 to 78.3% in 2019. This is a staggering ...
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