herbicide Articles
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Questions concerning the potential impact of glyphosate‐based herbicides on amphibians
Use of glyphosate‐based herbicides is increasing worldwide. Here we review the available data related to potential impacts of these herbicides on amphibians and conduct a quantitative meta‐analysis. Because only a little is known about environmental concentrations of glyphosate in amphibian habitats, and virtually nothing about environmental concentrations of the substances added to the ...
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The influence of reduced light intensity on the response of benthic diatoms to herbicide exposure
Herbicide pollution events in aquatic ecosystems often co‐occur with increased turbidity and reduced light intensity. It is therefore important to determine whether reduced light intensity can influence herbicide toxicity, especially to primary producers such as benthic diatoms. Benthic diatoms collected from four rivers were exposed to herbicides in 48 h rapid toxicity tests under high light ...
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Comparative toxicity of twenty herbicides to five periphytic algae and the relationship with mode of action
We used 5 species periphytic algae to conduct toxicity assays of twenty herbicides. The 5 tested species represent riverine primary producers most likely to be affected by herbicides. A fluorescence microplate toxicity assay was used as an efficient and economical high‐throughput assay. Toxicity characteristics were analyzed, focusing on their relationship to herbicide mode of action (MoA). ...
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Persistence and management of dinitroaniline herbicides residues in sandy loam soil
The addition of organic manure affects the biological, chemical and physical properties of soil that control the fate of herbicides. Three dinitroaniline herbicides were studied to asses their persistence, dissipation and residue management in sandy loam soil with and without addition of farmyard manure (FYM) under middle western Indian agro-climatic conditions. The herbicides, pendimethalin ...
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Multiple stressor effects of predation by rotifers and herbicide pollution on different Chlamydomonas strains and potential impacts on population dynamics
Environmental factors can interact with the effects of chemical pollutants on natural systems by inducing multiple stressor effects in individual organisms as well as by altering selection pressure on tolerant strains in heterogeneous populations. Predation is a stressful environmental factor relevant for many species. Therefore, the impact of predation by the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus on ...
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Effects of herbicide‐treated host plants on the development of Mamestra brassicae L. caterpillars
Herbicides are widely used pesticides that affect plants by changing their chemistry. In doing so, herbicides might also influence the quality of plants as food for herbivores. To study the effects of herbicides on host plant quality, we treated 3 plant species (Plantago lanceolata L., P. major L., and Ranunculus acris L.) with sublethal rates of either a sulfonylurea (Atlantis WG, Bayer ...
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The direct and indirect effects of a glyphosate‐based herbicide and nutrients on Chironomidae (Diptera) emerging from small wetlands
Laboratory and mesocosm experiments have demonstrated that some glyphosate‐based herbicides can have negative effects on benthic invertebrate species. Although these herbicides are among the most widely used in agriculture, there have been few multiple‐stressor, natural system based investigations of the impacts of glyphosate‐based herbicides in combination with fertilizers on the emergence ...
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A comparison of the herbicide tolerances of rare and common plants in an agricultural landscape
Declining plant biodiversity in agroecosystems has often been attributed to escalating use of chemical herbicides, but other changes in farming systems, including the clearing of seminatural habitat fragments, confound the influence of herbicides. The present study introduces a new approach to evaluate the impacts of herbicide pollution on plant communities at landscape or regional scales. If ...
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Estimation of herbicide species sensitivity distribution using single‐species algal toxicity data and information on the mode of action
Although species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is a key concept for quantitative ecological risk assessment, its application is limited owing to a lack of sufficient data for the analysis, especially on the toxicity of herbicides for primary producers. The authors developed a method of herbicide SSD estimation using single‐species toxicity data and information on the herbicide mode of action ...
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Imazamox tolerance in mutation-derived lines of upland cotton
Induction of genes conferring herbicide resistance by mutagenesis could facilitate use of imidazolinone herbicides in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In 1997 and 1998, seeds of eight High Plains cotton cultivars were treated with 2.45% v/v ethyl methanesulfonate. The resulting M3 and M4 generations were sprayed with imazethapyr, and the M5 and M6 generations were sprayed with imazamox. ...
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The effects of single and multiple applications of glyphosate or aminopyralid on simple constructed plant communities
To determine effects of multiple applications of herbicides on small constructed plant communities, Prunella vulgaris L.var. lanceolata Fern, Festuca roemeri (Pavlick) Alexeev, Clarkia amoena (Lehm.) Nels. and Cynosurus echinatus L. were grown together in small field plots. Plants were treated with glyphosate at target concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.2 x a field application rate (FAR) of ...
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Variation in amphibian response to two formulations of glyphosate‐based herbicides
Variation in toxicity among formulations and species makes it difficult to extrapolate results to all species and all formulations of herbicides. We exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) from four populations to two glyphosate‐based herbicides, Roundup Weed and Grass Control™ and Roundup WeatherMax™. 96 hour LC50 values for both formulations varied among the populations (RWGC: 0.14 ...
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No observable effect of a glyphosate‐based herbicide on two top predators of temporal water bodies
The application of pesticides has been implied to be involved in the world‐wide decline of biodiversity, but little is known about the influence of these chemicals on key predators of temporary wetlands. We examined the direct impacts of a frequently applied glyphosate‐based herbicide on larval Aeshna cyanea (Müller, 1764; Odonata, Insecta) and adult male Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758; ...
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De-inking paper sludge amendment affects weeds in the presence or absence of herbicide in a soybean-corn rotation
The application of de-inking paper sludge (DPS), a C-rich but N-poor soil amendment, can sometimes decrease plant growth. This property needs to be investigated to develop the knowledge and management methods necessary for potential weed control. Today, there is no information on the effectiveness of using DPS to control weeds within a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation. ...
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Surfactant-Enhanced Desorption of Atrazine and Linuron Residues as Affected by Aging of Herbicides in Soil
Abstract In the present work, we studied the efficiency of two surfactants, one anionic (SDS) and other non-ionic (Triton X-100), in the desorption of atrazine and linuron after 0, 3, and 9 months of soil-herbicide aging time. Batch desorption studies were conducted in soil-water and in soil-water-surfactant systems. The kinetic pattern of desorption was biphasic, a slow desorption following an ...
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A silviculture application of the glyphosate‐based herbicide Visionmax to wetlands has limited direct effects on amphibian larvae
Herbicides are commonly used in agriculture and silviculture to reduce interspecific competition among plants and thereby enhance crop growth, quality, and volume. Internationally, glyphosate‐based herbicides are the most widely used herbicides in both of these sectors. Laboratory and mesocosm studies have demonstrated that some formulations are toxic to amphibian larvae below concentrations ...
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Inheritance of susceptibility to ethametsulfuron herbicide muster in summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.)
The Brassica oilseed crops, Brassica rapa L., B. napus L., and B. juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., carry the inherent property of tolerance to the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide ethametsulfuron. However, a self-compatible line of B. rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. susceptible to this herbicide was isolated through single-plant selection in a Canadian cultivar. The objective of the ...
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An Automated Extraction Solution for Imidazolinone Herbicides
Abstract Imidazolinone herbicides are a family of five compounds including: Imazapyr, Imazapic, Imazethapyr, Imazamox, and Imazaquin. These herbicides are used to control a wide range of broadleaf weeds, by inhibiting the Acetohydroxy Acid Synthesis (AHAS), which is the first common enzyme in the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids. In this study, the performance and versatility of the ...
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Adsorption and degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides in soils: A review
The primary aim of this review on the phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides (2,4‐D, MCPA, dichlorprop‐P, mecoprop‐P, 2,4‐DB and MCPB) was to compare the extent of their adsorption in soils and degradation rates to assess their potential for groundwater contamination. We found that adsorption decreased in the sequence 2,4‐DB > 2,4‐D > MCPA > dichlorprop‐P > mecoprop‐P. Herbicides are predominantly ...
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Evaluation of the management practice for controlling herbicide runoff from paddy fields using intermittent and spillover-irrigation schemes
Two water management practices, an intermittent irrigation scheme using automatic irrigation system(AI) and a spillover-irrigation scheme (SI), were compared for the fate and transport of commonly used herbicides, mefenacet (MF) and bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) in experimental paddy plots. Maximum mefenacet concentrations in paddy water were 660 and 540 µgL−1 for AI and SI plot, respectively. ...
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