urea Articles
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Nanostructured self-assembly materials formed by non-ionic urea amphiphiles
Urea is an extremely versatile molecule that has been widely used for many years in a diverse range of applications. The physicochemical properties of urea have been well studied with respect to the role of hydrogen bonding in biological and chemical systems. Urea-based amphiphiles, in contrast, have received little attention with respect to physicochemical properties. Studies reported in the ...
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Ascentis™ C18 for the Analysis of Urea Pesticides
Application Report 210 Analysis of Urea Pesticides Using Ascentis™ C18 This application demonstrates the suitability of the Ascentis C18 for the analysis of urea pesticides, utilizing isocratic conditions and UV detection. Compounds analyzed include: Fenuron, Monuron, Diuron, and Linuron. ...
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Banding of urea increased ammonia volatilization in a dry acidic soil
Volatilization of ammonia following application of urea contributes to smog formation and degradation of natural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of (i) incorporation and banding of urea and (ii) surface broadcast of slow-release urea types on NH3 volatilization in a dry acidic soil. Volatilization was measured using wind tunnels for 25 d after standard urea (140 ...
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Inactivation kinetics of indicator microorganisms during urea treatment for sanitizing finished compost from composting toilet
This study aimed at estimating the sanitizing effectiveness of urea treatment by studying the inactivation kinetics of selected indicator microorganisms. Finished composts from a composting toilet were inoculated with indicator microorganisms and subjected to different urea concentrations (0.5–2% w/w) and temperatures (22, 32 and 42°C). The inactivation kinetics parameters were determined in ...
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Urease Inhibitors
Urease inhibitors are a class of chemical agents that inhibit urease activity in soil and delay urea hydrolysis. Soil urease is a specific hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea in soil. There are two main aspects to the mechanism of urease inhibitors controlling urea hydrolysis. One is due to the oxidation of SH to reduce urease activity.The second is to compete for ligands to reduce ...
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Interactive effects of landscape position and time of application on the response of spring wheat to fall-banded urea
The objective of this experiment was to quantify the effect of landscape position and time of application on the agronomic efficiency of fall-banded urea [CO(NH2)2] for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the eastern prairie region of Canada. Landscape positions in this experiment were defined as high and low based on their relative elevations to one another within the field. Fertilizer ...
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Ammonia volatilization from Urea-based fertilizers applied to tall fescue pastures in Georgia, USA
The use of urea fertilizers in grasslands is likely to increase in areas with concentrated animal feeding operations as restrictions on manure applications are implemented. Concerns have been raised about the economic and environmental impacts of NH3 loss from these urea fertilizers. This study evaluated NH3 losses from Nitamin (a urea polymer), urea–NH4NO3 (UAN), and granular urea applied to ...
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Influence of urea fertilizer placement on nitrous oxide production from a silt loam soil
Received for publication April 8, 2009. Urea placement in band or nests has been shown to enhance N use efficiency, but limited work has been done to assess its affect on N2O emissions. This study compared N2O emissions from urea prills applied to an Amsterdam silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustolls) using broadcast, band, and nest placements. Experiments were ...
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Ammonia sanitization of blackwater for safe use as fertilizer
Source-separated blackwater from low-flush toilets contains plant-available nutrients and can be used as a fertilizer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact on pathogen inactivation when treating blackwater with urea and/or lime. Blackwater was spiked with Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157, Enterococcus faecalis, and Ascaris suum eggs, and treated with urea and/or lime in ...
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Evaluation of nitrogen sources and application methods for nitrogen-rich reference plot establishment in corn
Five different N sources were compared with null N treatment to evaluate their performance for N-rich reference plot establishment in corn (Zea mays L.). The sources, including calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), polymer-coated urea (PCU) and environmentally smart nitrogen (ESN) in 2007 and 2008, and urea (URE), were broadcast or in-soil banded at the rate of 225 kg N ...
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Mineral-nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization from a rice–rapeseed system as affected by 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate
Received for publication November 9, 2008. 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was validated as an effective nitrification inhibitor to reduce nitrate leaching. Its effects on ammonia (NH3) volatilization were not clear, especially on farmland scale with crop rotations. In this study, on-farm experiments at the Jiaxing (JX) and Yuhang (YH) sites in Taihu Lake Basin, China were conducted to ...
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Vermicomposting of mustard residue and effect of its application on soil and plant nutrients status
Vermicomposting of mustard (Brassica juncea) residue with pretreatments of submergence in water, nutrients (urea and low grade rock phosphate) supplementation, microbial (Bacillus sp., Trichoderma viride and Cellulomonas fimi) inoculation and their combined use with fresh cow dung/slurry improved the quality of vermicomposts with respect to C/N ratio, yield, humus fractions and nutrients content. ...
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Winter wheat and maize response to urea ammonium nitrate and a new urea formaldehyde polymer fertilizer
Slow release N fertilizers have potential to improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). A slow release urea formaldehyde polymer (UFP) was compared with aqueous urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) [(NH2)2CO, NH4NO3] during a 2-yr field experiment in North Carolina. Crops were grown on Candor (sandy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic ...
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Effects of distillery vinasses on vineyard yield and quality in the D.O.C `Oltrepò Pavese Pinot Nero` – Lombardy, Italy
ABSTRACTIn a fifteen year old vineyard of Pinot Noir at a density of 5000 vines per hectares, located in the DOC zone Oltrepò Pavese, the influence of growing doses of distillery vinasses on vegetative growth, leaf mineral levels, grape yield and quality was tested in a four year period. Doses of vinasses were computed to apply 0 (test), 50, 100, 150 kg N ha+1. Vinasses doses were factorially ...
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N-(N-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide Solution
N-Butylthiophosphoric triamide (NBPT, hereinafter referred to as "NBPT") is currently one of the most effective soil urease inhibitors. Agricultural fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizers, are quickly decomposed by urease in the soil under normal use. This not only wastes a lot of nitrogen fertilizer resources, but also increases the cost of crop production, and brings a series of problems such ...
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Decomposition of the organic matter of natural and concentrated vinasse in sandy and clayey soils
Vinasse has been used as fertilizer by sugarcane growers, due to its potential to completely replace mineral fertilizers. However, if the application is not adequate, this practice may cause environmental contamination. This study used a respirometry test to evaluate the organic matter (OM) decomposition present in natural vinasse and concentrated vinasse (CV), with or without urea addition. ...
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Why to use sulphur coated urea fertilizer
With the continuous improvement of the level of agricultural science and technology, the promotion of high-yield varieties, the improvement of land re cultivation index, and the vigorous development of economic crops, flowers and urban greening. The growth of crops and the ecological balance of nutrients in the soil are becoming more and more serious, and the phenomenon of crop sulfur deficiency ...
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Outdoor mass culture of Spirulina maxima in sea-water
The results of a whole year experiment on the outdoor mass culture of Spirulina maxima strain 4Mx on fertilized sea-water are reported. Carbonate and phosphate precipitation in the sea-water media was prevented by maintaining a low concentration of phosphate and by controlling the pH in the range of 8.0–8.3. The mean annual yield of biomass on sea-water plus urea as nitrogen source was 7.35 ...
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Influence of biotic-abiotic factors on the degradation of novaluron in tropical soil
In this study, the degradation of novaluron (benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulator) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions in clay loam alluvial and coastal saline soils of West Bengal, India. The application rates were field rate (FR); 2FR and 10FR. The incubation study was carried out at 30 °C and 60% of maximum water holding capacity of both the soils. Degradation of ...
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How to choose the best de-icing material for the job
From beet juice to classic rock salt to urea, we now have plenty of choices when it comes to eliminating ice from roadways. However, most snow removal pros are still looking for a silver bullet: A material that will de-ice roads in any condition, for a reasonable price, without harming the environment. ...
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