Herbicide Management Articles
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Behavior of atrazine in limited irrigation cropping systems in Colorado: prior use is important
Received for publication October 28, 2008. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn may be a major component of new cropping systems to optimize the use of limited irrigation water supply while sustaining production. Because atrazine is an important tool for residual weed control in GR corn, we examined atrazine binding to soil, dissipation, movement, and early season weed control in limited and full ...
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Soil organic matter changes in turfgrass systems affect binding and biodegradation of simazine
Concern about pesticide losses from maintained turfgrass areas led us to examine the fate of the triazine herbicide simazine in turfgrass systems and, specifically, interactions between simazine binding to soil organic matter and biodegradation. Soil samples were removed from turfgrass systems of different ages, placed in microcosms, conditioned as sterile or nonsterile, and exposed to ...
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Weed biomass and species composition as affected by an integrated crop–livestock system
Crop and livestock production are rarely integrated together in modern farming systems. Reintegrating crops with livestock production has been shown to produce many agronomic and environmental benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate how an integrated crop–livestock system would influence weed biomass and weed species composition compared with a conventional, continuous corn (Zea ...
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Efficacy of herbicide seed treatments for controlling striga infestation of sorghum
Witchweed (Striga spp.) infestations are the greatest obstacle to sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain production in many areas in Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide seed treatments for controlling Striga infestation of sorghum. Seeds of an acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicide–tolerant sorghum hybrid were treated with two ALS-inhibiting ...
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Volunteer corn presents new challenges for insect resistance management
Genetically-modified (GM) corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] dominate the North American agricultural landscape and are becoming increasingly important as biofuels. However, as herbicide-tolerance and insecticidal traits are often simultaneously expressed by individual plants, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]-resistant (GR) volunteer corn is becoming a widespread ...
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Inheritance of susceptibility to ethametsulfuron herbicide muster in summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.)
The Brassica oilseed crops, Brassica rapa L., B. napus L., and B. juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss., carry the inherent property of tolerance to the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide ethametsulfuron. However, a self-compatible line of B. rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. susceptible to this herbicide was isolated through single-plant selection in a Canadian cultivar. The objective of the ...
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The essential oils in agriculture as an alternative strategy to herbicides: a case study
In this study we investigated the allelopathic effect of some essential oils extracted from aromatic plants to inhibit weed seed germination. The study was performed to evaluate the potential genotoxic effect of lavender on Vicia faba root meristems by genotoxicity tests (comet assay and micronuclei test) and to evaluate microbial diversity fluctuation by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ...
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Persistence and management of dinitroaniline herbicides residues in sandy loam soil
The addition of organic manure affects the biological, chemical and physical properties of soil that control the fate of herbicides. Three dinitroaniline herbicides were studied to asses their persistence, dissipation and residue management in sandy loam soil with and without addition of farmyard manure (FYM) under middle western Indian agro-climatic conditions. The herbicides, pendimethalin ...
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The economic impact of transgenic crops in developing countries: a note on the methods
A vast literature has accumulated since crop varieties with transgenic resistance to insects and herbicide tolerance were released to farmers in 1996 and 1997. A comparatively minor segment of this literature consists of studies conducted by agricultural economists to measure the farm-level impact of transgenic crop varieties, the size and distribution of the economic benefits from adopting them ...
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Kinetic distribution of 14C-Metsulfuron-Methyl residues in paddy soils under different moisture conditions
Rice paddy soils undergo several cycles of drying and wetting during a growing season. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture conditions on the distribution and kinetics of extractable and bound residues of 14C-metsulfuron-methyl in six Chinese paddy soils during 84 d of incubation at 15°C with moisture contents varying from 20 to 50% of the field water-holding ...
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Response of heterozygous and homozygous Imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat genotypes to Imazamox
Imidazolinone-resistant (IR) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was released commercially in Canada in 2004, providing growers with a new opportunity to selectively control a broad range of weeds in wheat, including volunteer cereals and annual grasses. Imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides inhibit acetolactate synthase in susceptible (S) plants, but IR wheat plants have an altered target site that ...
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Jointed goatgrass management with Imazamox-resistant cultivars in a winter Wheat–fallow rotation
Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) is an economically important weed in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow production regions of the United States. Few options exist for management of jointed goatgrass in winter wheat due to the close genetic relationship between the two species. This research evaluated use of imazamox herbicide ...
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Behavior of atrazine in Limited Irrigation Cropping Systems in Colorado: Prior use is important
Glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn may be a major component of new cropping systems to optimize the use of limited irrigation water supply while sustaining production. Because atrazine is an important tool for residual weed control in GR corn, we examined atrazine binding to soil, dissipation, movement, and early season weed control in limited and full irrigation cropping systems. These systems ...
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Spatial variability of Atrazine and Metolachlor dissipation on dryland no-tillage crop fields in Colorado
An area of interest in precision farming is variable-rate application of herbicides to optimize herbicide use efficiency and minimize negative off-site and non-target effects. Site-specific weed management based on field scale management zones derived from soil characteristics known to affect soil-applied herbicide efficacy could alleviate challenges posed by post-emergence precision weed ...
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Effects of low concentrations of herbicides on full-season, field-grown potatoes
Current phytotoxicity plant test protocols for US pesticide registration require testing for effects on seedling emergence and early growth without regard to other important factors, such as plant reproduction. Yield and quality reduction can have significant economic and ecological effects. Therefore, field trials were conducted to determine if potato (Solanum tubersum L.) vegetative growth and ...
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Nonpoint source of nutrients and herbicides associated with Sugarcane production and its impact on Louisiana coastal water quality
A watershed analysis of nonpoint-source pollution associated with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production was conducted. Runoff water samples following major rainfall events from two representative sugarcane fields (SC1 and SC2) were collected and analyzed. The impact of runoff on two receiving water bodies, St. James canal (SJC) and Bayou Chevreuil (BC) in a drainage basin (Baratarian ...
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Corn belt assessment of cover crop management and preferences
Surveying end-users about their use of technologies and preferences provides information for researchers and educators to develop relevant research and educational programs. A mail survey was sent to Corn Belt farmers during 2006 to quantify cover crop management and preferences. Results indicated that the dominant cereal cover crops in Indiana and Illinois are winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ...
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Influence of hexazinone on pensacola bahiagrass growth and crude protein content
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is the most widely used introduced forage in Florida, due to its persistence and productivity on low fertility soils. Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione], the only herbicide labeled for small and giant smutgrass [Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. and S. indicus (L.) R. Br. var. pyramidalis (P. Beauv.) Veldkamp] ...
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Agronomic and economic performance characteristics of conventional and low-external-input cropping systems in the central corn belt
We conducted a 9-ha field experiment near Boone, IA, to test the hypothesis that yield, weed suppression, and profit characteristics of low-external-input (LEI) cropping systems can match or exceed those of conventional systems. Over a 4-yr period, we compared a conventionally managed 2-yr rotation system {corn (Zea mays L.)/soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]} with two LEI systems: a 3-yr ...
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Genetically modified crops, factor endowments, biased technological change, wages and poverty reduction
Genetically Modified (GM), Herbicide Tolerant (HT) white maize, developed in the USA to save labour, is being grown by smallholders in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. This paper uses panel data for Africa, Asia and Latin America to investigate the effects of factor endowments and biased technological change on productivity growth, labour incomes and poverty reduction. Preliminary results show that ...
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