plant genes Articles
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Inheritance of resistance to stripe rust in three lines of soft red winter wheat
Since 2000, stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks., has been the most important foliar disease of wheat in the eastern United States. Three lines of soft red winter wheat, ‘McCormick’, VA96W-270, and a variant of VA96W-270 (VA96W-270V), were resistant to the stripe rust population first described in the United States in 2000. The objective of this study was to ...
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Patent in genetic technology
Genetic technology, as a newly emerging technology, has brought a profound impact on the world. The achievement of genetic technology necessitates legal protection. Patent law protection will greatly promote science and genetic economy development. However, patent law protection also raises numerous questions and disputes. Starting from the concept of gene, this paper analyses the gene sequence, ...
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Genetics of leaf rust resistance in the soft red winter wheat ‘Caldwell’
The soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Caldwell’ has effective resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. To determine the genetic basis of this resistance, Caldwell was crossed with the leaf rust–susceptible spring wheat ‘Thatcher’, and the F1 plants were backcrossed to Thatcher to obtain backcross (BC) F2 (BC1F2) families. In the seedlings, the BC1F2 families segregated ...
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Mutations perturbing petal cell shape and anthocyanin synthesis influence bumblebee perception of Antirrhinum majus flower colour
We wished to understand the effects on pollinator behaviour of single mutations in plant genes controlling flower appearance. To this end, we analysed snapdragon flowers (Antirrhinum majus), including the mixta and nivea mutants, in controlled laboratory conditions using psychophysical tests with bumblebees. The MIXTA locus controls petal epidermal cell shape, and thus the path that incident ...
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Effect of variation for major growth habit genes on maturity and yield in five spring wheat populations
Segregation at major genes controlling plant height, photoperiod response, and vernalization response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) may have pleiotropic effects on several traits. Allelic variation at these loci can be monitored using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. The effect of segregation at these loci on maturity and agronomic traits was measured for sets of recombinant ...
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Mode of reproduction of colchicine-induced paspalum plicatulum tetraploids
Paspalum plicatulum Michx. is a wild forage grass species. The common races are tetraploid and apomictic, while sexual diploid representatives have been reported sporadically. Objectives of this study were to induce sexual 4x individuals from sexual diploids, determine the capacity for hybridization with other apomictic 4x species closely related with P. plicatulum, and thus create a tetraploid ...
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Development of a PCR assay and marker-assisted transfer of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes LR57 and YR40 into hard red winter wheats
The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-Aegilops geniculata introgression T5DL·5DS-5MgS(0.95), with stripe rust resistance gene Yr40 and leaf rust resistance gene Lr57, is an effective source of resistance against most isolates of the rust pathogen in Kansas and India. Rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 were transferred to the hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivars Jagger and Overley by standard ...
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Scientists Uncover Secrets of Plant Regeneration
Japanese researchers have discovered that the WOX13 gene negatively controls the fate of plant cell regeneration and affects the efficiency of plant stem regeneration. Plants possess the unique ability to regenerate completely from a somatic cell, that is, a normal cell that normally does not participate in reproduction. This process involves the de novo (or new) formation of a shoot apical ...
By Lifeasible
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New strategy of "two in one" rapid breeding
Xu Cao's research group from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences published a paper titled “A two-in-one breeding strategy boosts rapid utilization of wild species and elite cultivars” online in Plant Biotechnology. This study reports a new "two-in-one" rapid breeding strategy, which combines the new de novo domestication breeding method and ...
By Lifeasible
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Better photosynthesis for a better world?
There’s no question that plants are better than most other life forms at converting carbon dioxide and sunlight into the sugars that form the basis of our global food web — and eventually, humans’ entire food supply. But fact of the matter is, with conversion rates hovering around 2 percent for our best crop fields, they’re by no means great. Even a slight increase in the ...
By Ensia
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A call to conserve crops’ wild cousins
Wild cousins aren’t always appreciated at family gatherings. But when it comes to crops, the opposite is often true: Plant breeding has historically relied on genes from plants growing in the wild as a source of diversity that can be introduced into crop plants to produce new crop varieties that are more resilient, nutritious and productive than those currently cultivated. As human ...
By Ensia
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The influence of biowaste and garden waste composts on diseases caused by pythium ultimum and rhizoctonia Solani related to the antagonists trichoderma hamatum and flavobacterium balustinum
Soilborne plant pathogens can cause serious losses on both agricultural and horticultural crops. Examples include damping-off diseases caused by Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium and Phytophthora root rots, Rhizoctonia crown rot, Fusarium and Verticillium wilts, nematode and even bacterial diseases. Until the fifties, the principal methods to control soilborne diseases were through the ...
By ORBIT e.V.
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The Safety of Genetically Modified Foods Produced through Biotechnology
Executive Summary The Society of Toxicology (SOT) is committed to protecting and enhancing human, animal, and environmental health through the sound application of the fundamental principles of the science of toxicology. It is with this goal in mind that the SOT defines here its current consensus position on the safety of foods produced through biotechnology (genetic engineering). These products ...
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Crop gene banks are preserving the future of agriculture. But who’s preserving them?
As climate change makes crop diversity even more important, gene banks struggle to stay afloat. During the past few years of civil war in Syria, rebel fighters have destroyed Shia mosques and Christian graves, and burned and looted Christian churches while the Islamic State group has demolished priceless artifacts in the region. Nothing seemed sacred to the disparate groups vying for control of ...
By Ensia
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How `open source` seed producers from the U.S. to India are changing global food production
Around the world, plant breeders are resisting what they see as corporate control of the food supply by making seeds available for other breeders to use. Frank Morton has been breeding lettuce since the 1980s. His company offers 114 varieties, among them Outredgeous, which last year became the first plant that NASA astronauts grew and ate in space. For nearly 20 years, Morton’s work was ...
By Ensia
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Volunteer corn presents new challenges for insect resistance management
Genetically-modified (GM) corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] dominate the North American agricultural landscape and are becoming increasingly important as biofuels. However, as herbicide-tolerance and insecticidal traits are often simultaneously expressed by individual plants, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]-resistant (GR) volunteer corn is becoming a widespread ...
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A Saline Duper Wheat that Tolerates Higher Salt Concentrations!
In the past few decades, agricultural land has been largely lost, and increased salinity in soils around the world has received much attention. Nowadays, nearly 8% of the world's arable land can no longer be used for crop cultivation due to salt pollution, and more than half of the world's countries are affected. Wheat is the second largest grain grown after corn and grows more on Earth than any ...
By Lifeasible
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THP9 Can Improve Protein Content and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Maize Seeds
Teosinte is a wild ancestor of maize, and its seed protein content is three times that of most modern maize lines. In a new study, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Normal University tracked the mechanisms responsible for the decline in seed protein content in maize hybrids and inbred strains. Their findings open new avenues for maximizing seed protein content and ...
By Lifeasible
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Researchers Analyze Rapeseed Thioglycoside Transport Mechanism to Assist High-quality Breeding
Recently, Liu Shengyi, a researcher at the Institute of Oil Materials, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Yang Qingyong, a professor at the School of Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, collaborated to develop a new idea/method for the functional identification of multi-copy genes, and based on this identification, the important transporter BnaA06. GTR2 of glucosinolates in ...
By Lifeasible
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Can genetic engineering help quench crops’ thirst?
Researchers around the world are exploring how GMO technology might boost food production under hot, dry conditions. Roger Deal is trying to figure out how plants remember drought. An assistant professor of biochemistry and genetics at Emory University, Deal says most plants have a kind of memory for stress. When experiencing water shortage, for example, plants close the holes in their leaves, ...
By Ensia
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