pollination Articles
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Pollinator community structure and sources of spatial variation in plant–pollinator interactions in Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana
The structure of diverse floral visitor assemblages and the nature of spatial variation in plant–pollinator interactions have important consequences for floral evolution and reproductive interactions among pollinator-sharing plant species. In this study, I use surveys of floral visitor communities across the geographic range of Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana (hereafter C. x. xantiana) ...
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Bumble bee pollinators in red clover seed production
Bumble bees pollinate red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) but impact on seed production depends on the species, abundance, and synchrony with bloom. The objectives of the current study were to examine pollination by a native bumble bee, Bombus vosnesenskii (Radoszkowski), determine the bumble bee fauna associated with red clover in Oregon, and assess if seed set is limiting. In a cage study, ...
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World Bee Day 2021
At its 2019 debate at the Royal Geographical Society of London, the Earthwatch Institute declared bees as the most important living beings on earth. Earthwatch is known for enabling volunteers to participate in research at remote locations worldwide and the institute has been working on numerous projects concerning pollinating insects such as bees, butterflies, and moths. The discussion about ...
By WKC Group
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2020 Regional Bee Hours Overview: Almonds
With petal fall well under way throughout the Valley, are you curious how the bees fared? Warm temperatures and dry weather meant that 2020 turned out to be a good year for bees, paving the way for promising yield potential. What is a bee hour? Bee hours tells you how many hours have occurred which are favorable for bees to fly. A bee hour is defined as one hour where: There is no rain ...
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Effects of linkage and Epistasis on intergeneration correlations in self-pollinated species
In breeding for self-pollinated crop cultivars, early generation testing and selection (EGT) is desirable because it allows for more resources to test superior lines and helps avoid the loss of desirable alleles that would occur if EGT is delayed. However, high intergeneration correlations (IGCs) are required for effective EGT. This study is conducted to determine the effects of linkage and ...
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Sowing and flowering delays can be an efficient strategy to improve coexistence of genetically modified and conventional Maize
The coexistence between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM maize (Zea mays L.) fields is subjected to regulation in several countries. A strategy to reduce cross-pollination from GM to non-GM fields was evaluated, on the basis of reducing the flowering coincidence by sowing at separate times. The trial included narrow plots in which transgenic maize was sown before, simultaneously, and after ...
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Biopesticide‐induced behavioral and morphological alterations in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata
Due to their natural origin, biopesticides are assumed to be less harmful to beneficial insects, including bees, and therefore their use has been widely encouraged for crop protection. However, there is little evidence to support this ingrained notion of the biopesticide safety to pollinators. As larval exposure is still largely unexplored in ecotoxicology and risk assessment on bees, we ...
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Mutations perturbing petal cell shape and anthocyanin synthesis influence bumblebee perception of Antirrhinum majus flower colour
We wished to understand the effects on pollinator behaviour of single mutations in plant genes controlling flower appearance. To this end, we analysed snapdragon flowers (Antirrhinum majus), including the mixta and nivea mutants, in controlled laboratory conditions using psychophysical tests with bumblebees. The MIXTA locus controls petal epidermal cell shape, and thus the path that incident ...
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Selective advance for accelerated development of recombinant inbred QTL mapping populations
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping resolution of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) is limited by the amount of recombination they experience during development. Intercrossing during line development can be used to counter this disadvantage but requires additional generations and is difficult in self-pollinated species. It is desirable to improve mapping resolution for success of marker-assisted ...
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When is early generation selection effective in self-pollinated crops?
Despite widespread use of early generation testing and selection (EGT) in breeding for self-pollinated crops, its effectiveness remains largely an unresolved issue. This issue is tackled here using elaborated genetic models that enable genetic and nongenetic effects to be assessed for the effectiveness of EGT in terms of (i) the selection response at one or more early generations relative to the ...
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Threshold velocity of pollination in urban area of the city of Brno
Wind velocity directly influences pollen release rate from mother plants and subsequently, the transport of pollen grains. The threshold velocity of pollination is defined as the lowest wind velocity with evidence of pollen concentration above the threshold pollen concentration. Only a limited number of published papers deal with the relationship between wind velocity and pollen concentration. ...
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Effects of the herbicide dicamba on non‐target plants and pollinator visitation
Nearly 80% of all pesticides applied to row crops are herbicides, and these applications pose potentially significant ecotoxicological risks to non‐target plants and associated pollinators. In response to the widespread occurrence of weed species resistant to glyphosate, biotechnology companies have developed crops resistant to the synthetic‐auxin herbicides dicamba or 2,4‐D, and once ...
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The stingless bee species, Scaptotrigona aff. Depilis, as a potential indicator of environmental pesticide contamination
Neonicotinoids have the potential to enter the diet of pollinators that collect resources from contaminated plants. The species Scaptotrigona aff. depilis (Moure, 1942) can be a useful indicator of the prevalence of these chemicals in the environment. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, the authors devised a protocol for neonicotinoid residue extraction and detected ...
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No impact of DvSnf7 RNA on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) adults and larvae in dietary feeding tests
The honey bee, Apis mellifera L. is the most important managed pollinator species worldwide and plays a critical role in pollination of a diverse range of economically important crops. Due to this species' importance to agriculture and its historical use as a surrogate species for pollinators to evaluate the potential adverse effects for conventional, biological and microbial pesticides, as ...
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Diversity in seed production characteristics within the USDA-ARS limnanthes alba germplasm collection
Meadowfoam (L. alba) seeds are a source of long-chain fatty acids which are stable under diverse conditions. The fatty-acid composition makes this seed oil valuable for use in cosmetics, lubricants, rubber additives, and plastics. While a few meadowfoam cultivars have been developed, high-yielding germplasm is required for further crop improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate ...
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Metal contaminant accumulation in the hive: Consequences for whole colony health and brood production in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)
Metal pollution has been increasing rapidly over the past century, and at the same time, the human population has continued to rise and produce contaminants that may negatively impact pollinators. Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) forage over large areas and can collect contaminants from the environment. The primary objective was to determine whether the metal contaminants cadmium (Cd), copper ...
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Bahiagrass tetraploid germplasm: Reproductive and agronomic characterization of segregating progeny
The tetraploid germplasm of bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Flüggé, is an unexploited source of variability that can be used for the genetic improvement of this species as forage or turf. The objectives of this research were to develop a segregating population by hybridizing induced sexual and apomictic clones and to characterize the resulting population for mode of reproduction, seed fertility, ...
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Pollinator effects on genotypically distinct soybean cytoplasmic male sterile lines
Poor seed-set limits potential for soybean hybrid seed production. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different pollinators on the rate of seed set in three soybean cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, JLCMS9A, JLCMS82A, and JLCMS89A. The following five treatments were applied under net room isolation-conditions: (i) insecticide application and release of alfalfa leafcutter ...
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World Bee Day
The 20th of May marks World Bee Day, aiming to raise awareness about the importance of bees in our ecosystem. Bees are vital to pollinate the food we eat as well as the trees and flowers which are habitats for wildlife, thanks to bees we can enjoy a range of foods from apples to coffee. Approximately 75% of the world’s crops depend, to some degree, on pollinators to provide high yields of good ...
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Stephen Lewis, Part time macadamia nut grower Case Study
Orchard consists of 1 Hectare (2.5 Acres) 160 trees of Mainly Beaumont with a few Own Choice variety as cross pollinators, Harvesting just over 4 tonne of nuts in husk. Up until we purchased one of your machines we had to sell our entire crop De-husked at 2800kg to a local processor for $3.20 per kg (NIS) Nuts in Shell, giving us an annual return of only $8,960.00 With the purchase of your ...
By Crackadamia
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