soybean seed Articles
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Year, region, and temperature effects on the quality of Minnesota`s soybean crop
Bulk commodity soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] can now be sourced with great specificity through rail and container purchases. The objective of this study was to determine whether analyses of farmer-grown soybean seed samples could detect significant regional differences in soybean quality traits. Through analysis of 2706 farmer volunteered soybean samples representing harvests from 2003–2005, ...
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Water deficit effect on the relationship between temperature during the seed fill period and soybean seed oil and protein concentrations
Since most soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed is processed into meal and oil, there is a growing concern about environmental effects on soybean seed composition. The aim of this work was to investigate how water deficit affects the well-known relationship of soybean seed oil and protein concentrations with temperature and, alternatively, with solar radiation during seed fill. We analyzed oil ...
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Soybean seed yield and composition response to stand reduction at vegetative and reproductive stages
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers across the United States are confronted with significant economic losses annually from hail. Plant injury and yield loss are associated with defoliation and node or stand loss due to bruising and breaking of plant stems from the hail. The correlation of yield loss and leaf defoliation is well defined; however, limited information exists relative to whole ...
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Soybean response to inoculation and nitrogen application following long-term grass pasture
Current demand for soybean grain [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] may lead to a conversion of pasture and Conservation Reserve Program fields into soybean or corn (Zea mays L.) production. Our objective was to determine the effect of soybean seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp. and fertilizer N application rate on soybean productivity planted 1 and 2 yr after conversion to row crop production. ...
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Composition, vigor, and proteome of mature soybean seeds developed under high temperature
The effects of high temperature treatment on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed composition, vigor, and proteome were investigated using mature dry seeds harvested from plants grown in environment-controlled chambers. High day/night temperatures (37/30°C) from stages R5 through R8 altered ratios of individual fatty acids to total fatty acid compared to the control (27/18°C). Concentration of ...
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Accumulation of soluble carbohydrates during seed development and maturation of low-raffinose, low-stachyose soybean
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds accumulate sucrose, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO), phytin, and small amounts of galactopinitols and fagopyritols during normal seed maturation. RFO and phytin are indigestible by non-ruminant animals and contribute to decreased feed efficiency, reduced mineral adsorption, and phosphorous pollution in manure. Low raffinose, stachyose, and phytin ...
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Main-stem node removal effect on soybean seed yield and composition
Hail injury to soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] is common across the United States. Currently, U.S. hail adjusters use procedures that assume that yield reductions caused by stem cutoff and defoliation or defoliation without stem loss is similar during the vegetative development period. Our hypothesis was that seed yield will be affected by timing of node removal in vegetative soybean and that ...
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Pod removal, shade, and defoliation effects on soybean yield, protein, and oil
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield formation in field environments can be either source-limited or sink-limited, depending on the assimilatory capacity of the mother plant relative to the assimilate demands of the developing seeds. Our objective was to evaluate yield and seed quality relationships under source-limited and sink-limited conditions during the seed-filling period, as protein and ...
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Mapping and comparison of quantitative trait loci for oleic acid seed content in two segregating soybean populations
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] produces 29.4% of the world's edible vegetable oil. An important determinant of the nutritional value and the oxidative stability of soybean oil is the oleic acid content. Elevation of the oleate content levels leads to the improvement of soybean oil quality. However, our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying oleate variation in soybean seeds remains ...
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Imbibitional chilling sensitivity and soluble carbohydrate composition of low Raffinose, low Stachyose soybean seed
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed with low raffinose, stachyose, and phytin is desired for feeding nonruminant animals to improve feed efficiency, increase mineral uptake, and reduce flatulence, but may have reduced agronomic quality. Composition of soluble carbohydrates in seed parts and sensitivity of mature seed to imbibitional chilling were determined for low raffinose and stachyose ...
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization response to three seed-applied fungicides
In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) enhance nutrient and water status and may increase root resistance to soilborne pathogens. However, the fungicides that are routinely applied to the seed may reduce AM colonization, reducing these benefits. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the effect of three commonly used seed-applied fungicides on AM colonization ...
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Soybean seed yield response to planting date and seeding rate in the upper Midwest
Planting date and seeding rate are agronomic decisions that producers can use to maximize soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] seed yield and economic return. Current information on the response to planting date and seeding rate may underestimate the yield penalty for delayed planting in northern climates and overestimate the seeding rate required to optimize yield. The objective was to determine the ...
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In-Furrow inoculation and selection for higher motility enhances the efficacy of bradyrhizobium japonicum nodulation
The issue of competition for nodulation has received much attention in studies on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crops because native soil rhizobia often preclude nodulation of inoculated high-quality strains. In this work, soil placement and enhanced motility of Bradyrhizobium japonicum were investigated as strategies to improve the competitiveness of soybean inoculants applied in the presence ...
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Molecular mapping and confirmation of QTLs associated with Oleic acid content in N00-3350 soybean
The fatty acid composition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed affects the flavor, nutritional value, and stability of the oil. Increasing oleic acid content in soybean oil would reduce the need for hydrogenation, a process that creates unhealthy trans fatty acids. The objective of this study was to map and confirm the areas of the soybean genome associated with oleic acid content from the ...
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Genetic variability of seed sugar content in worldwide soybean germplasm collections
Soluble sugar is an important quality trait in food-grade soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Desirable sugars such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose can help improve the taste and flavor of soyfood including tofu, soymilk, and natto; whereas oligosaccharides including raffinose and stachyose are indigestible by humans and animals and often cause flatulence or diarrhea. In this study, 241 plant ...
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Identification of soybean accessions with high germinability in high-temperature environments
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed produced in high-temperature, high-humidity production environments is prone to have substandard germination. Hardseededness, wrinkled seed coats, and infection by Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs are all known to affect soybean seed germinability. Ancestors of modern U.S. soybean cultivars may lack the necessary variability to impart high germinability to new ...
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Effect of fungicide on soybean growth and yield
In response to rising input costs and narrowing profit margins, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers are continually looking for ways to increase soybean yield. One approach being promoted is the use of foliar fungicides, for both foliar pathogen control and nonfungicidal plant physiological effects. The objective of this field experiment was to evaluate a strobilurin and a triazole alone ...
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Mutations in a Δ 9–Stearoyl-ACP-Desaturase gene are associated with enhanced stearic acid levels in soybean seeds
Stearic acid (18:0) is typically a minor component of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, accounting for only 2 to 4% of the total fatty acid content. Increasing stearic acid levels of soybean oil would lead to enhanced oxidative stability, potentially reducing the need for hydrogenation, a process leading to the formation of undesirable trans fatty acids. Although mutagenesis strategies have ...
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Canopy nitrogen reserves: impact on soybean yield and seed quality traits in northern latitudes
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed produced in the upper Midwest of the United States is lower in protein concentration than soybean produced throughout much of the Corn Belt, the southern United States, and Brazil. As protein comprises on average more than 400 g kg–1 of the soybean seed, yields in northern latitudes may be limited by seed protein accrual. Our objective was to examine the role ...
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Environmental effects on oleic acid in soybean seed oil of plant introductions with elevated oleic concentration
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with oleic acid (18:1) content >500 g kg–1 is desirable for a broader role in food and industrial uses. Seed oil in commercially grown soybean genotypes averages about 230 g kg–1 oleic acid. Some maturity group (MG) II to V plant introductions (PIs) have elevated oleic concentrations of 300 to 500 g kg–1. Temperature of the growing environment during the ...
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