Irrigation Articles
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LG Sound, controlling algae in irrigation reservoirs
Algae growth in irrigation water can cause a serious problem. Algae in irrigation tanks can clog the entire irrigation system, such as the pumps, filters, drip-installation and sprinkler nozzles. Besides that the algae and their by-products can also be spread over the irrigated area. In addition, some types of fungi, also present in these waters, can be harmful for the plants grown. Typical ...
By LG Sonic
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Analysis of the hydraulics of the irrigation canals of Otrar, Kazakhstan
Surveys of relic canals at the Oasis of Otrar in Kazakhstan have been used to re-construct patterns of agricultural water use for irrigation between AD700 and AD1500. Hydraulic simulation software was used to calculate the water carrying capacity of historical irrigation canal networks. An analysis of modern day irrigation systems has enabled the calibration of crop water use models and an ...
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Glyphosate (roundup) and AMPA analysis in crops method abstracts
The recently practiced method1 for analysis of Glyphosate and AMPA in crops suffers from an expensive, time consuming cleanup procedure that has less than ideal recoveries. Although the analysis (after clean up) by ion-exchange chromatography with post-column derivatization is rugged and sensitive, a new method was sought to improve the sample preparation. This resulted in AOAC Method 2000.522 ...
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Spec’ing the right suspension for your truck
Trucks are expensive. As with any piece of expensive equipment, priority should be taken when spec’ing components that have an effect on the performance of the vehicle, the life of the vehicle, the frequency of maintenance, component lifecycle costs, and the comfort and safety of the operators. Without a doubt, spec’ing the right suspension should be a high priority for decision ...
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Waterquality in irrigation canals and boreholes - Greece
Background Kavala is located in the North East of Greece, 680 km from the capital Athens. The population of the prefecture of Kavala is around 85,000 people. The River Nestos which flows through this prefecture is very important for the agriculture of the area. To allow for a fair distribution of the water for irrigation purposes, a number of Boreholes and canals have been established. The ...
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Modelling Common Agricultural Policy–Water Framework Directive interactions and cost-effectiveness of measures to reduce nitrogen pollution
Selecting cost-effective measures to regulate agricultural water pollution to conform to the Water Framework Directive presents multiple challenges. A bio-economic modelling approach is presented that has been used to explore the water quality and economic effects of the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy Reform and to assess the cost-effectiveness of input quotas and emission standards against ...
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Taxpayer dollars subsidizing destruction
One way to correct market failures is tax shifting—raising taxes on activities that harm the environment so that their prices begin to reflect their true cost and offsetting this with a reduction in income taxes. A complimentary way to achieve this goal is subsidy shifting. Each year the world's taxpayers provide at least $700 billion in subsidies for environmentally destructive activities, such ...
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Transferring irrigation management to farmer's associations: Evidence from the Philippines
Irrigation management transfer (IMT) is an important strategy among donors and governments that aims to strengthen farmer control over water and irrigation infrastructure. In this study, we use data from a survey of 68 irrigator associations (IAs) and 1020 farm households in the Philippines to examine the impact of IMT on irrigation association performance and on rice yields. We find that the ...
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Dairy farm New Mexico, USA
Type of Wastewater System: Facility to Lagoon For Solid and Wastewater Collection Problem: This facility has an expensive liner in its lagoon, and the use of equipment to remove the solids from the lagoon was not an option. It also dewaters the lagoon via irrigation onto row crops every 30 days. The buildup of solids in the lagoon had reached a point of capacity such that they were unable to ...
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Dairy farm Oklahoma, USA
Type of Wastewater System: Facility to Sediment Basin for Solids collection, Sediment Basin to Lagoon for Water collection Expectations: This facility was in need of solid removal from sediment basin as it was to a point of water flow restriction and solid capacity in the sediment basin. The expectation was to liquefy the solids in the sediment basins using microbial augmentation, and to not use ...
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Pesticide runoff from greenhouse production
A research has been undertaken studying pesticide residues in water from greenhouses and the use of soils and filter materials to reduce such losses. The pesticides detected in water samples collected downstream greenhouses include 9 fungicides, 5 herbicides and 4 insecticides. 10 compounds from flower and vegetable productions were frequently found to exceed environmental risk levels, and with a ...
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Incentives and instruments for sustainable irrigation
This book looks at Sustainable Irrigation in a holistic way, considering the multidisciplinary objectives of sustainable agriculture, sustainable water management, sustainable water infrastructure, sustainable irrigation communities and a sustainable environment, the need to reallocate water between competing users, and the need for water and food security in an environment of scarcity. It does ...
By WIT Press
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Plan B 4.0 by the numbers - data highlights on the global food supply
World agriculture today faces pressure from many sources. On the production side, the amount of unused arable and worldwide has dwindled. Overworked soils are becoming eroded and degraded, and overpumped aquifers are being depleted. Meanwhile, as the global population grows and increasing biofuel production converts grain into fuel for cars, demand for food continues to climb. In Chapters 2 and 9 ...
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Long-term fertilizer experiment network in China: Crop yields and soil nutrient trends
Results are summarized for the first 15 yr of an eight-site, long-term experimental network in China designed to assess the sustainability of cropping systems in environments representing 70% of Chinese cropland. Systems were wheat–maize double cropping (two crops per year) at four sites, wheat–rice double cropping, rice-based triple cropping, and wheat or maize single cropping. Without ...
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A review of vegetated buffers and a meta-analysis of their mitigation efficacy in reducing nonpoint source pollution
Received for publication December 1, 2008. Vegetated buffers are a well-studied and widely used agricultural management practice for reducing nonpoint-source pollution. A wealth of literature provides experimental data on their mitigation efficacy. This paper aggregated many of these results and performed a meta-analysis to quantify the relationships between pollutant removal efficacy and buffer ...
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Potential phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium surpluses in an irrigated maize monoculture fertilized with pig slurry
Pig slurry (PS) is extensively applied to irrigated maize in nitrate-vulnerable zones of the Ebro Valley, Northeast Spain. Farmers base PS rates on the European Union (EU) Nitrates Directive (up to 170 kg N ha–1 derived from organic sources) or on maize-N requirements (about 300 kg N ha–1). The aim of the study was to assess whether these PS rates would lead to P, K, and Mg surpluses in excess of ...
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A root-zone soil regime of wheat: physiological and growth responses to furrow irrigation in raised bed planting in northern China
Different irrigation methods in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) result in different water and nutrient use efficiencies and, ultimately, plant growth. A field experiment was conducted during the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 crop cycles to investigate the effects of furrow irrigated raised bed planting and the effects of flood irrigated conventional planting on growth and productivity in winter wheat. In ...
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Irrigation frequency effects on growth and ethanol yield in sweet Sorghum
With the increasing costs of fossil fuels, new methods of generating renewable fuels need to be researched and developed. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of irrigation frequency on crop growth and ethanol yield of sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Nine combinations of pre- and postanthesis irrigation frequencies triggered by 35, 50, or 65% depletion of plant-available ...
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Leaching of three sulfonylurea herbicides during sprinkler irrigation
Sulfonylurea herbicides are widely applied on the Canadian prairies to control weeds in a variety of crops. Several sulfonylurea herbicides are mobile in soil, and there is concern about their possible movement to ground water. This study was performed to assess the susceptibility of three sulfonylurea herbicides commonly used in prairie crop production to leach under a worst-case scenario. ...
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Variability for freezing tolerance among 42 ecotypes of green-type annual bluegrass
Limited information exists on the extent of genetic variability for freezing tolerance among perennial biotypes of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) that evolved under golf greens management. We characterized the freezing tolerance of 42 ecotypes collected across the United States and in Québec using plants hardened to low temperatures during fall and winter. We subsequently analyzed cold-induced ...
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